How is Anemia Treated?

Treatment for anemia depends on what is causing the anemia.

Increase nutrient intake.

If you are anemic because you have too little iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid in your system to make healthy red blood cells, your doctor will likely suggest that you change the foods you are eating, or take specific vitamins, or iron - via pills or injections. Before you begin taking iron or vitamins, speak with your doctor. Make sure your doctor has done blood tests to determine what is causing the anemia. Don't self-medicate with iron without supervision, as it can create unpleasant side effects and will damage your body if taken in large quantities. If you have been prescribed vitamins or iron, make sure that you follow the recommended course of treatment.

Correct blood loss.

If you are anemic due to blood loss (from internal bleeding, or heavy menstruation) your doctor will take measures to try to correct or minimize blood loss.

Medication to improve hemoglobin.

To treat anemia related to chronic disease such as cancer, kidney disease, Hep C or HIV, your doctor may prescribe recombinant erthyropoietin, a synthetic form of the naturally-occurring hormone that stimulates red cell production. Erythropoietin is also used by some elective surgery patients to increase hemoglobin before a surgical procedure, which can help reduce the chance of requiring blood transfusions.

Blood transfusion.

If your red cell count falls dangerously low, a blood transfusion may be the only way to raise your hemoglobin quickly. For some types of anemia (such as thalassemia major, aplastic anemia, or sickle cell disease) regular blood transfusions may be required to manage anemia and to avoid serious complications.

Bone marrow transplant.

In cases of life-threatening anemia where the bone marrow is not functioning (such as Fanconi anemia, aplastic anemia, or myelodysplasia) a bone marrow transplant may be an option. This is a difficult procedure and requires a bone marrow donation from a matched donor (usually a sibling).